Who is responsible for enforcing CBAM compliance?

National authorities with Commission oversight

The primary responsibility for enforcing CBAM compliance lies with the national competent authorities (NCAs) designated by each EU Member State.

These authorities are responsible for reviewing CBAM reports, initiating audits or investigations when necessary, and imposing penalties for non-compliance.

The European Commission plays an oversight role, conducting initial screenings of CBAM reports and communicating potential issues to the NCAs.

The Commission also monitors the overall implementation of CBAM and risks of circumvention.